What is ADHD?
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) are as follows:
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by at least six of the following symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, present for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with the developmental level and that negatively impacts social, academic, and/or occupational functioning.
Inattention symptoms:
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or activities
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
Often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
Often forgetful in daily activities
Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms:
Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat
Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate
Often unable to engage in leisure activities quietly
Often "on the go," acting as if "driven by a motor"
Often talks excessively
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed
Often has difficulty waiting their turn
Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)
These symptoms must be present (not necessarily diagnosed) prior to age 12 years.
Symptoms must present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
There should be clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning.
The symptoms cannot be explained by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, dissociative disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication or withdrawal).
ADHD can affect both children and adults. These symptoms may make it difficult to maintain employment, work in groups/teams, socialize, establish healthy relationships, or complete school work.
While the exact cause of ADHD is unknown, research suggests that genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors may all play a role. Treatment for ADHD typically involves medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both and is tailored to the individual based on their symptoms and needs.
It is important to receive a proper evaluation and diagnosis from a healthcare professional to determine if someone has ADHD or another condition that may be causing similar symptoms. A psychological evaluation (completed by a psychologist) is often used to diagnose ADHD and rule out other diagnoses. A licensed healthcare professional can provide appropriate treatment and support based on an accurate diagnosis.
✌🏾Be Well
